What does the right against self-incrimination protect individuals from?

The right against self-incrimination, as established by the Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, protects individuals from being compelled to testify against themselves in legal proceedings. This right ensures that individuals cannot be forced to make statements or provide evidence that may lead to their own conviction for a crime. The protection is crucial in upholding the principle of due process, as it guards against coercive interrogation techniques that may lead to false confessions or admissions of guilt.

In relation to other options, while being searched without a warrant falls under the Fourth Amendment and protects against unreasonable searches and seizures, it does not pertain to self-incrimination. Similarly, being detained without cause relates to the Fourth Amendment's protection against unlawful seizures, while issues regarding medical overdosing relate to medical ethics and standards rather than constitutional protections against self-incrimination. Thus, the correct answer directly addresses the specific legal safeguard provided by the Fifth Amendment regarding one’s own testimony in criminal cases.