Which type of punishment is prohibited by the 8th Amendment?

The 8th Amendment of the United States Constitution explicitly prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. This provision serves as a safeguard against inhumane treatment and excessive penalties in the justice system. The underlying principle is to ensure that punishments are not only proportionate to the crime but also respectful of human dignity.

Cruel and unusual punishment is generally interpreted to encompass various forms of extreme or excessively harsh penalties, such as torture, degrading treatment, or punishments that do not fit the nature of the crime committed. This reflects the constitutional commitment to a humane and just legal system, aligning with evolving standards of decency in society.

In contrast, the other options refer to forms of punishment that, while they may be subject to criticism or debate regarding their fairness or effectiveness, do not fall under the categorical prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment established by the 8th Amendment. Community service is typically deemed a rehabilitative measure, mandatory sentencing refers to legal requirements that may limit judicial discretion but does not inherently violate constitutional rights, and life without parole, while severe, has been upheld in many contexts as a permissible sentence under the Constitution. Thus, "cruel and unusual punishment" is the only option that directly correlates with the protection afforded by the 8th Amendment.